Battle of Cape Henry

16 March 1781, Off the Virginia Capes

Indecisive; the French went back to Newport

Washington asked the French squadron at Newport to carry troops to Virginia to trap Benedict Arnold, now a British general. Destouches sailed, but Arbuthnot followed from New York and caught him off the Capes. The French line did the British van serious damage, but Destouches did not press on into the bay: he went back to Newport, and Arbuthnot's ships anchored in the Chesapeake and kept it open for the British army. Six months later the same waters saw the battle that decided the war.

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Engraving showing the French ship of the line Conquérant at the Image: AnonymousUnknown author, Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Royal Navy

12 ships, none lost

ShipTypeOutcome
HMS Robust

Led the line; 36 casualties

Ship of the line

Third rate, 74 guns

Damaged
HMS Europe

Badly damaged

Ship of the line

Third rate, 64 guns

Damaged
HMS Prudent

Badly damaged

Ship of the line

Third rate, 64 guns

Damaged
HMS Royal Oak

Arbuthnot's flagship

Ship of the line

Third rate, 74 guns

Survived
HMS London

Rear-Admiral Graves's flagship

Ship of the line

Second rate, 90 guns

Survived
HMS Adamant

Ship of the line

Fourth rate, 50 guns

Survived
HMS Bedford

Ship of the line

Third rate, 74 guns

Survived
HMS America

Ship of the line

Third rate, 64 guns

Survived
Flotillas and other craftNumberLost

Frigates

Guadeloupe, Pearl, Iris and Medea.

40

French Navy

12 ships, none lost

ShipTypeOutcome
Conquérant

Lost her rudder; 43 killed

Ship of the line

Third rate, 74 guns

Damaged
Provence

Ship of the line

Third rate, 64 guns

Survived
Ardent

Mainmast damaged

Ship of the line

Third rate, 64 guns

Damaged
Neptune

Ship of the line

Third rate, 74 guns

Survived
Duc de Bourgogne

Destouches' flagship

Ship of the line

Third rate, 80 guns

Survived
Jason

Ship of the line

Third rate, 64 guns

Survived
Éveillé

Ship of the line

Third rate, 64 guns

Survived
Flotillas and other craftNumberLost

Frigates and cutter

The 44-gun two-decker Romulus, which took her place in the line, Hermione, Gentille, Surveillante and the cutter Fantasque.

50

Map

  • Destouches sails for Virginia 8–16 March 1781